Founded in 1906, on the same strip of links land as Royal St George's and Royal Cinque Ports, Prince's rapidly achieved popularity and hosted the 1912 English Ladies' Champioship. Despite being requisitioned during the First World War, the course was rapidly restored and staged the 1922 Ladies' Open Championship, won by the incomparable Joyce Wethered. Prince's flourished during the twenties and thirties and, with the Prince of Wales as President, hosted the 1932 Open Championship, won by Gene Sarazen. However, before the championship could return to Prince's , the course was requisitioned yet again, for the period of the Second World War, and not released by the military until 1949. The course was so badly damaged that the opportunity was taken to redesign the entire layout along modern lines, eliminating blind tee and approach shots and providing vantage points for spectators. 27 holes were created incorporating a few of the originals and most of the greens.

The Ladies' Open returned just three years later and throughout the second half of the twentieth century Prince's has continued to host numerous championships, both amateur and professional, including the Curtis Cup and the PGA Championship, one of Peter Alliss' two Prince's victories. Modern Prince's can truly boast a wealth of golfing history; three of golf's five "grand slammers" have played the course.

In 2006, its centenary year, the club staged four major championships, including, with co-hosts Royal St George's, the Amateur Championship.
In recent years the course and facilities have been improved and maintained to the high standards necessary for consideration for a future return to the Open Championship rota.